根據經濟部統計,台灣每年可賣出10.2億杯手搖飲,平均每人每年喝掉43.3杯,顯示台人對於喝茶的熱愛。

如果邊喝茶還能幫助維持健康,那就更兩全其美了,今天就來介紹綠茶萃取物中,最被廣泛研究的物質「兒茶素」有什麼功能?補充時該注意什麼呢?

兒茶素是什麼?

兒茶素(英文名稱Catechin),又稱兒茶酸,是一種抗氧化物質,由於兒茶素約佔茶多酚含量的75%到80%,因此常被俗稱為茶多酚,常存在於茶類、可可、水果、紅酒中。[5]

兒茶素主要分為四大類,其中,表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸醋(Epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)是研究最多的,也被認為對健康最有益。

兒茶素有什麼功能?

1. 改變細菌叢生態、維持健康
許多研究表明,兒茶素可以幫助調節消化道機能、改變細菌叢生態,藉此調節生理機能來維持健康[1]

2. 幫助調整體質
兒茶素的功能眾多,有部分學者致力於兒茶素對調整體質的效果,在一項實驗中發現兒茶素可以透過調節生理機能,來調整飲食不均衡的體質、幫助保護力。[2]

3. 幫助運動表現
一項實驗中,學者觀察了服用兒茶素後小鼠的運動表現,結果數據顯示,兒茶素延長了力竭小鼠的游泳時間,顯示兒茶素幫助運動表現、增強體力的功能。[4]

4. 幫助促進代謝
對於進行飲食控制計畫的族群,已有許多研究顯示綠茶萃取物可以幫助促進新陳代謝[3],其中兒茶素被發現能影響代謝率、能量消耗等生理機能來達到促進新陳代謝[7][8]。

兒茶素可以幫助代謝? 建議搭配微量咖啡因一起更有效

在一項較早的研究中,14名參與者在每餐前服用含有咖啡因、綠茶 EGCG 和瓜拿納萃取物的膠囊,並在一段時間後觀察其代謝狀況,發現參與者在接下來的24小時內平均代謝了 750 kJ,大約等於179 (kcal)卡路里。[6]

儘管許多關於兒茶素對促進代謝的研究結果並不一致,但一些長期觀察研究指出,每天飲用約 2 杯綠茶仍與新陳代謝的促進有關。[10]

咖啡因能夠幫助的運動表示與能量消耗 [9],引發部分學者推測,綠茶提取物帶來的代謝可能來自於咖啡因,或是來自於咖啡因與兒茶素的搭配,因此建議,若想促進新陳代謝,將咖啡因與兒茶素兩者一起搭配攝取,或許會比單獨食用更能幫助促進新陳代謝。[11]

 

  1. Chihiro U, Yuji N, Tomohisa T, Kazuhiko U, Katsura M, Yasuki H, et al.. Green tea polyphenol (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) improves gut dysbiosis and serum bile acids dysregulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. (2019)
  2. Liu X, Zhao K, Jing N, Kong Q, Yang X. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Promotes the Immune Function of Ileum in High Fat Diet Fed Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiome Profiling and Immunoglobulin Production. Front Nutr. 2021
  3. Suzuki T, Pervin M, Goto S, Isemura M, Nakamura Y. Beneficial effects of tea and the green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate on obesity. Molecules. (2016)
  4. Teng, Y. S., & Wu, D. (2017). Anti-Fatigue Effect of Green Tea Polyphenols (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG). Pharmacognosy magazine13(50), 326–331.
  5. Arts, I. C., van de Putte, B., & Hollman, P. C. (2000). Catechin contents of foods commonly consumed in The Netherlands. 1. Fruits, vegetables, staple foods, and processed foods. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry48(5), 1746–1751.
  6. Bérubé-Parent, S., Pelletier, C., Doré, J., & Tremblay, A. (2005). Effects of encapsulated green tea and Guarana extracts containing a mixture of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and caffeine on 24 h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in men. The British journal of nutrition94(3), 432–436. 
  7. Rondanelli, M., Riva, A., Petrangolini, G., Allegrini, P., Perna, S., Faliva, M. A., Peroni, G., Naso, M., Nichetti, M., Perdoni, F., & Gasparri, C. (2021). Effect of Acute and Chronic Dietary Supplementation with Green Tea Catechins on Resting Metabolic Rate, Energy Expenditure and Respiratory Quotient: A Systematic Review. Nutrients13(2), 644.
  8. Türközü, D., & Tek, N. A. (2017). A minireview of effects of green tea on energy expenditure. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition57(2), 254–258.
  9. Clark, K. S., Coleman, C., Shelton, R., Heemstra, L. A., & Novak, C. M. (2019). Caffeine enhances activity thermogenesis and energy expenditure in rats. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology46(5), 475–482. 
  10. Ewa Jówko. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition. Chapter 8 Green Tea Catechins and Sport Performance
  11. Vázquez Cisneros, L. C., López-Uriarte, P., López-Espinoza, A., Navarro Meza, M., Espinoza-Gallardo, A. C., & Guzmán Aburto, M. B. (2017). Efectos del té verde y su contenido de galato de epigalocatequina (EGCG) sobre el peso corporal y la masa grasa en humanos. Una revisión sistemática [Effects of green tea and its epigallocatechin (EGCG) content on body weight and fat mass in humans: a systematic review]. Nutricion hospitalaria34(3), 731–737